GNDER SENSITIZATION

GENDER SENSITIZATION &
WOMAN SAFETY
ANUP KUMAR SINGH
DEPUTY COMMANDANT
NDRF ACADEMY,NAGPUR

EXERCISE
1._______ are more responsible in raising
children.
2._______ are better at playing sports.
3._______ like to cook and do housework.
Fill in the blanks using the words
“Women” and “Men”

AIM
The aim of gender sensitization to make people
aware of the power relations between men and
women in society and to understand the importance
of affording women and men equally opportunities
and treatment.

GENDER SENSITIZATION
It is refers to the
modification of behavior by
raising awareness of gender
equality concerns
This can be achieved by
conducting various
sensitization, campaigns,
workshop, programs.

SEX AND GENDER
"Gender" refers to the socially constructed roles,
behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given
society considers appropriate for men and women.
• "Sex" refers to the biological and physiological
characteristics that define men and women.
• The biological differences between men and
women are identified at birth.
• For example: only women can give birth; only
men can have sperms …
• "Male" and "female" are sex categories,
• While "masculine" and "feminine" are gender
categories.

GENDER OR SEX
Statement Yes Its Gender No its Sex
Men do not need tenderness and are less sensitive than
women
Most drivers in India are men
Women give birth to babies men don’t
Care of babies is the responsibility of women
Only women can breastfeed babies
Men have moustache
Women cannot carry heavy loads
Women are scared of working outside their homes at night
Men’s voices break at puberty women’s don’t
Women are emotional and men are rational
Most of the women have long hair and men have short
hair
Most scientists are men
Cooking comes naturally to women

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GENDER AND SEX
GENDER
• Constructed by society
• Multi-faceted differs within
and between cultures
• Dynamic, changes over time
• Acquired
• Biologically determined
• Universal for all human beings
• Unchanging (except)
• Inborn (by Birth)
SEX

SEX
MASCULINE FEMININE
GENDER
SOCIALIZED
NURTURE
FEMALEMALE
BORN THIS WAY
NATURE

GENDER INEQUALITY BEGINS AT HOME
Take the examples of Chota Bheem or Doreamon cartoon telecast
in India.
 Most probably the male characters are strong and female
characters seek help from them.
This type of mindset tends to slowly start shaping the mindset
of children.
 Mothers admonish their daughters that they should not play
with boys.
 Sometimes fathers tell their sons that it is the job of men to
earn .
Eventually children start believing this to be true and behave
accordingly.
 The animated characters and television also portrays men to be
super powerful and women or girls dependent on them.

Reproductive roles:
Refers to the childbirth and other related activities
 Taking care of the family members and community
 Searching fuel and water, preparing food
 Taking care of the child
 Education and taking care of the seniors
These are almost unpaid.
GENDER ROLES
Refer to the activities that men and women actually do;
can be changed at a time, conditions and situations.
Productive roles:
 Refers to the work of generating income that men
and women do, to make products or services as well
as process raw materials to get income.

• Those pictures refer to sex or gender?
 Gender
QUICK QUIZZ

Productive role (Farming, producing):
Referring to the production activities that women do for the
market and for their family to generate income (paid by money
or products)
Reproductive role (house chores/ caring for family) :
Referring activities to caring and maintaining the basic needs of
family and its member such as :
Food, shelter, education, healthcare
reproduce production + taking care of potential workforce
Community management role
Referring to the activities that women do to ensure the supply of
resources at community level as an extended role of reproductive
role (rituals, ceremony celebration, community services activities…)
WOMEN’S 3 MAIN ROLES (PAID & UNPAID)

WHAT WE OFTEN HEAR…
Only men could be
excellent surgeons
Women should be
teachers, nursery
teachers

• Is negative and partial
attitude acknowledgement
and assessment of the
characteristics, position,
role and capacity of man
or woman.
GENDER STEREOTYPE
 Are viewpoints from
others assuming that
men or women are able
to do or should do,
unable to do or should

In some workplaces:
 Male workers should take the heavy and hazadours jobs
( according to the list of prohibited female workers)
 Can’t recruit female workers who have little children/ or
give those women lower wage
What do those saying mean?
In some families:
 Girls cant pursue higher education/ should not be
invested in girl’s education such as for boys
 Boys shouldn’t do housework- they are very tiny and
worthless jobs
 Girls can not inherit;

FAMILY
• Domestic violence
• Multiple burden
• Family abandonment by husband
• Financial abuse
• Household chores assigned to women
• Incest

INDIVIDUAL
• Lack of awareness
• Passivity/resistance to change
• Lack of awareness on reproductive
rights
• Low self worth

HEALTH & NUTRITION
• Lack of info on Family
Planning/reproductive health
• Low level of men participation in health
concerns
• Lack of health facilities for women
• Women are prone to infectious diseases
• Lack of social services
• Low nutritional level of women
• Responsibility of birth control lies on
women

SOCIO-CULTURAL
• Commodification of women/ prostitution
• Women considered as sex objects.
• Double-standard of morality
• Stereotyping in media, educational system
• Rape
• Sexual harassment/abuse
• Domestic violence
• Cultural subjugation
• Poor education of women
• GAD awareness for students & teachers
• Women viewed as the weaker sex
• Poor social life of women

EDUCATION
• Low level of literacy among women
• Number of girl students is considerable lower than
the number of boy students.
• Even girls who do enroll in school may have
irregular attendance due to other demands on
them, and the fact that their education may not
be prioritized.
• Girls are more likely to repeat years, to drop out
early and to fail in key subjects, and in most
countries girls are less likely to complete the
transition to secondary schooling
• Increase in girl child labour

LEGAL/ADMIN/GOV'T
• Ignorance on laws affecting women
• Lack of trained personnel to handle
rape, incest
• Insensitivity of judges, police
• Justice system grinds slowly
• Lack of focal persons
• Lack of gender planning
• Poor dissemination of GAD issues

Exploitation Caused By Gender Ideology
• Male gender bias
– A preference found in some societies for sons
rather than daughters.
• Female infanticide
– The killing of female children
• Nutritional deprivation
– A form of child abuse involving withholding
food; can retard learning, physical
development, or social adjustment.

CRIME AGAINST WOMEN
3
1
• ‘Crime against women’ isdirect or indirect
physical or mental cruelty.
• Crimes which are directed specifically
against women are characterized as ‘crime
against women’.
 Violencein broader includes
 Threats,
 Sexual abuse,
 Emotional abuse,
 Control & domineering,
 Intimidation, stalking, and economic deprivation,
 Rape, abduction, kidnapping
 Murder
(CRIMINAL VIOLENCE).

3
2
Dowry death, wife battering, sexual abuse,
maltreatment of a widow and for an elderly women
Eve-teasing, forcing wife/daughter-in-law to go for
foeticide, forcing a young widow to commit sati, etc
(DOMESTIC VIOLENCE)
(SOCIAL VIOLENCE)

CLASSIFICATION
Seven Crimes included under this head are as follows:
I.Rape (section 376IPC)
II.Kidnapping and Abduction for specified purposes
(section 363- 373IPC)
III.Homicide for dowry, deaths or attempts (section
302/304-B IPC)
IV.Torture –both mental & physical (section 498-A IPC)
V.Assault on women with an intent to outrage her
modesty (sec. 354)
VI.Insult to the modesty of women (sec. 509 IPC)
These are broadly classified into two
categories.A. The Crimes Under the Indian Penal Code(IPC)

B.THECRIMESUNDER SPECIALANDLOCALLAWS(SLL)
3
4
The provisions of the law affecting women significantly have been reviewed
periodically and amendments carried out to keep pace with the emerging
requirements.
 The Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
 The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition)
Act, 1986
 The Commission of Sati Prevention Act, 1987
 The Protection of women from domestic Violence Act,
2005
 The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956

Sl.
No
.
Crime head Year
Percentage
variation in
2015 over
2014
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
1 Rape# 24,206 24,923 33,707 36,735 34,651 -5.7
2 Attempt to Commit Rape* - - - 4,232 4,434 4.8
3 Kidnapping&AbductionofWomen 35,565 38,262 51,881 57,311 59,277 3.4
4 DowryDeaths 8,618 8,233 8,083 8,455 7,634 -9.7
5 AssaultonWomenwithIntenttoOutrageher/theirModesty 42,968 45,351 70,739 82,235 82,422 0.2
6 InsulttotheModestyofWomen 8,570 9,173 12,589 9,735 8,685 -10.8
7 CrueltybyHusbandorHisRelatives 99,135 1,06,527 1,18,866 1,22,877 1,13,403 -7.7
8 ImportationofGirlfromForeignCountry 80 59 31 13 6 -53.8
9 AbetmentofSuicideofWomen - - - 3,734 4,060 8.7
A. Total IPC Crime against Women 2,19,142 2,32,528 2,95,896 3,25,327 3,14,575 -3.3
10 Commission of Sati Prevention Act 0 0 0 0 0 0
11 Indecent Representation of Women (P) Act 453 141 362 47 40 -14.9
12 The Dowry Prohibition Act 6,619 9,038 10,709 10,050 9,894 -1.5
13 Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act - - - 426 461 8.2
14 Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act 2,436 2,563 2,579 2,070# 2,424 17.1
B. Total SLL Crime against Women 9,508 11,742 13,650 12,593 12,819 1.8
Total(A+B) 2,28,650 2,44,270 3,09,546 3,37,922 3,27,394 -3.1

RATE OF CRIME AGAINST WOMEN DURING 2015
(All India 53.9)
upto 20.0
20.1 to 40.0
40.1 to 50.0
50.1 to 70.0
70.1 to 90.0
Above 90.0
Note:
Rate of Crime against Women means number of
cases registered under crimes against women per
1,00,000 female population.

Distribution of Sub-Crime Heads of Assault on Women
with Intent to Outrage Her Modesty during 2015

Police Districts Registering above 2,000 cases under Crime
against Women during 2015
SL State/UT Police District No. of Cases
1Maharashtra Mumbai Commr. 4,803
2West Bengal South 24 Parganas 4,073
3Karnataka Bengaluru City 3,079
4Telangana Cyberabad 2,994
5West Bengal Murshidabad 2,984
6Delhi UT South 2,712
7West Bengal North 24 Parganas 2,690
8Assam Barpeta 2,682
9Telangana Hyderabad City 2,405
10West Bengal Nadia 2,331
11Delhi UT Outer District
2,284
12Assam Dhubri 2,021

CAUS E S?
Misuse of Internet:
There are millions of porn sites.
INDIA ranks 2nd in watching porn over internet.
Bollywood and media:
 Both these media are projecting films
and advertisements that contains nudity
and vulgarity
Philosophy of Patriarchy
Dowry

 Liquor:
 Diverts mindset.
 Loses self control.
More than 75% accused of rapes are either
family members, relatives, friends or close
associates.

Improper ProtectionSystem
• According to Criminal Law Journal, there have
been 80 and 75 percentage of cases have been
reported in High Courts and Supreme Courts
respectively between 1983-2011 from villages.
• Delay in the process of prosecution.
•There are just over 30+ judges in Supreme Courts.
•There are 24 High Courts in India and have only 160 judges
altogether.

Prevention/reduction of thesecrimes
 Improved infrastructure, including pavements
and street lights.
 Improving the public transport system.
 Restriction on drinking in public places.
 Instilling the ethical values in & among the
male gender.
 Installation of CCTV cameras in public places.
 Clean and safe public toilets for women.

Increased publicity of helpline numbers, accompanied
by effective and immediate readdresses of complaints
of sexual harassment received through the helpline.
Awareness campaigns regarding sexual harassment.
Prevention/reduction of these crimes
 Increased police presence and more recruitment of
women in police, as well as gender-sensitization of the
entire police force.
 Deployment of uniformed as well as plain-clothes
police personnel in public places.

RECOMMENDATIONS FORWOMEN
 Awareness about the rights and laws.
 Awareness about the immediate aid like the usage of
mobiles.
 Carrying instruments that could save them at the time
of incidents like pepper sprays.
Self defence training.
Equal share of property rather than dowry.
Trust your Instinct.

STEPS TAKEN TO CURB SEXUAL HARASSMENT
• Conduct unbecoming of a government servant
• New provisions in conduct rules
• Case of Vishakha v/s State of Jaipur
• Supreme court guidelines issued in 1997-the basis
of new provisions in CCS (Conduct) Rules.

RULE 3 (C) OF CCS RULES
• Rule 3(C) concerns the prohibition of sexual harassment of
working women
• Enjoins the Government servant
not to indulge in any act of sexual harassment of any women in
the workplace
in-charge of a workplace to take appropriate steps to prevent
sexual harassment to any woman at such work

Sexual Harassment at Workplace -
Provisions in CCS (Conduct Rules)
Sexual harassment defined to include such
unwelcome sexually determined behavior (whether
directly or by implication) as:
 Physical contact and advances;
 A demand or request for sexual favours;
 Sexually coloured remarks;
 Showing pornography;
 Any other unwelcome physical, verbal or non-
verbal conduct of sexual nature.

Steps to be taken by the Employer
• Duty of the employer to prevent or deter
the commission of acts of sexual
harassment and to provide for the
resolution, settlement or prosecution of
acts of sexual harassment
• Criminal proceedings to be initiated in
appropriate cases
• Where such conduct amounts to
misconduct, appropriate disciplinary
action to be initiated by the employer

GNDER SENSITIZATION

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