Robotic companions have long been a staple in sci-fi, but what if they became essential for human survival in space? That's the concept behind Biobot, which received a NIAC grant in 2018. Biobot aims to assist astronauts during extravehicular activities (EVAs) on other planets by carrying essential equipment, alleviating the physical strain on astronauts.
Apollo mission footage shows astronauts struggling with the heavy life support systems (PLSS) on their backs, which weigh about 61 kg. This weight shifts their center of gravity, limiting mobility and causing frequent falls despite the low lunar gravity. In microgravity environments, EVAs rely on umbilical cords connected to larger life support systems inside the space station or shuttle, requiring another astronaut to manage these cords, thus reducing productivity.
Dr. David Akin from the University of Maryland’s Department of Aerospace Engineering developed Biobot to address these challenges. Biobot is a small rover designed to follow an astronaut during an EVA and manage the umbilical cord itself. This design frees astronauts from the burden of carrying the heavy PLSS, restoring their center of gravity and allowing more flexibility in adding components to the life support system. Additionally, Biobot can hold collected samples, necessary tools, and even serve as an emergency ride.
The Biobot prototype, developed under the NIAC grant, demonstrated the feasibility of this concept. Although no further NASA funding has been secured, volunteer students continue to support its development. The future might see astronauts exploring lunar or Martian surfaces with robotic companions that provide essential life support and a touch of humor.
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